Journal of Clinical Research in Paramedical Sciences
Volume:1 Issue: 4, 2013

Most blood group alloantibodies are generated by mismatched transfusion as the result of foreign erythrocyte antigen exposure to the immune system. This study was done to determine the frequency of blood group alloantibodies in patients who admitted in Ghaem hospital of Mashhad-Iran. This cross sectional study was done on 525 patientsin Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The ABO and Rh Blood groups were typed by two methods of cell type and back type. Red blood cell alloantibodies were detected in patients'' serum by screen antibody kit. All data recorded in computer and analyzed by SPSS version13. 296 of 525 patients were male and 229 of them were female. Red cell antibodies were detected in 48 patients consisting one autoantibody and 47 alloantibodies. Warm allantibodies found in 11 patients and cold alloantibodies detected in 36 patients. Higher frequency of all immunization was observed in female in compare to male. This study demonstrates the relationship between the type of blood group and existence of cold alloantibody. The higher frequency of cold alloantibodies was in people with B blood group type.

Depression is the most common of psychological disorder in hemodialysis patients which reduces the quality of live and increases mortality rate and complications of medications used for management of depression in these patients. This study was performed to determine the effect of regular exercise on depression in hemodialysis patients. Method & Materials: In a randomized clinical trial، 51chronic renal failure patients were assessed in two groups (case and control). The data collection tool was Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). After data collection، a planned exercise education program was applied to case group by poster and face-to-face methods. The program was performed for ten weeks and three times a week in case group. Finally، the depression of the participants was measured again. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS 16 software. According to the results of this study، there were no differences between case and control groups in depression rate at the beginning of study، but there was a significant difference after intervention (P= 0. 016). At first، the mean and SD of depression in case group was 23. 8±9. 29 which reduced to 11. 07±12. 64 at the end of study (P<0. 001). This study showed that a regular exercise programme can reduce depression rate in hemodialysis patients. Therefore، this exercise program can be integrated in routine care for improving the psychological state of hemodialysis patients.

Suicide is an important issue in public health and an anti-social behavior. To prevent، there was a need to gather precise information about the issue. Therefore، this study was aimed to conduct an epidemiologic study of suicide rate in Charmahal & Bakhtiari province in a 10-year period. Method and Materials: In this descriptive-analytical study with reviewing the existing data، all the cases of attempted suicide in Chaharamahal & Bakhtiari from 2003 to 2012 were examined. Data was gathered by using a checklist including items including age، sex، education، marital status، place of live، past mental and physical disease، report source، the method of suicide، time (season and year of committing suicide) and the outcome of suicide. The data was analyzed by SPSS16 through x2 and independent t-test. In a10-year period، 3206 cases of suicide in this province were reported among which only 8. 7% were successful (result in death). The suicide mean age was 25. 25±9. 65 years. The suicide attempts were more common in women، youth and in people with high school education and in urban areas. The most commonly used method of suicide was related to poisoning using drugs (78. 9%) and less commonly used method was using air injection (0. 1%). The highest and lowest percentage of successful suicide was due to weapon (93. 3%) and self-mutilation/ air injection respectively (0. 0%). The findings indicated that the suicide distribution varied based on the demographic variables. Besides، the prevalence of committing suicide by medication which was mainly unsuccessful is likely as a way of drawing attention to other people. This can show the importance of establishing an emotional relationship with these people.

Attention to the health of pregnant women is one of the ways to maintain the pregnant mother and the fetus healthy. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common problem during pregnancy due to physiologic changes associated with pregnancy which can cause different side effects on the mother such as premature labor، preeclampsia، and anemia. Therefore، such mothers with UTI must be treated to prevent maternal and fetal complications. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of UTI and some consequences in pregnant women referring to health centers in Kermanshah. In this cross-sectional study، overall 500 cases of pregnant women were studied and randomly selected. Data was related to the incidence of UTI and its consequences collected through a checklist. Fisher''s exact and chi-square tests were used for comparisons and examining relationships at level of 0. 05. SPSS 21 software was used for data analysis. The prevalence of UTI in pregnant women attending clinics in Kermanshah was 19. 8%. The incidence of UTI in the third trimester was significantly higher compared to the first and second trimesters. There was no statistical significant relationship found between UTI and demographic information، maternal and fetal outcomes. According to the findings، it seems that UTI in Kermanshah was more prevalent than other studies. Therefore، with regard to the potential consequences of UTI، pregnant women need to be supported and trained to prevent UTI and related complications.

Attention to the health of pregnant women is one of the ways to maintain the pregnant mother and the fetus healthy. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common problem during pregnancy due to physiologic changes associated with pregnancy which can cause different side effects on the mother such as premature labor, preeclampsia, and anemia. Therefore, such mothers with UTI must be treated to prevent maternal and fetal complications. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of UTI and some consequences in pregnant women referring to health centers in Kermanshah. In this cross-sectional study, overall 500 cases of pregnant women were studied and randomly selected. Data was related to the incidence of UTI and its consequences collected through a checklist. Fisher's exact and chi-square tests were used for comparisons and examining relationships at level of 0.05. SPSS 21 software was used for data analysis. The prevalence of UTI in pregnant women attending clinics in Kermanshah was 19.8%. The incidence of UTI in the third trimester was significantly higher compared to the first and second trimesters. There was no statistical significant relationship found between UTI and demographic information, maternal and fetal outcomes. According to the findings, it seems that UTI in Kermanshah was more prevalent than other studies. Therefore, with regard to the potential consequences of UTI, pregnant women need to be supported and trained to prevent UTI and related complications.

Exclusive breastfeeding is considered as the best nutritional choice for infants. However، according to the World Health Organization (WHO)، 1. 5 million infants die annually due to deprivation from or lack of breast milk. Urticadoicais a plant containing essential amino acids، vitamins and numerous nutrients. It seems that using medicinal plants is one of the methods of increasing breast milk. Urticadoicais recommended increasing breast milk based on traditional herbal medicine. The present study was designed to determine the effect of urticadoica extract on serum prolactin levels and the mammary tissue of rats. Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، Wistar female rats we repurchased and divided into 4 groups (n=6) and Urticadoica Hydro alcoholic extract zero (control)، 20، 50 and 100 mg/kg administered in teraperitoneally for 21 consequent days to animals. Animals were anesthetized and serum prolactin levels were determined by ELISA method. Breast tissue sections were stained and morphometic studies were done. Our findings indicated that urticacan increase significantly the number of alveoli of breast in doses of 20 (P=0. 033) and 50 mg/kg (P= 0. 041(. Changes in serum prolactin level lsand alveolar diameter were not significant in comparison with control group. Nevertheless، serum prolactin levels and alveolar diameter increased in doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg) P = 0. 21(. Urticadoicaextract has fairly positive effect on breast tissue parameters.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a critical emergency measure that nursing personnel are encountered and nursingstaff are one of the key persons in bedside of patients with cardiopulmonary arrest. Therefore،The present study was carried out to determine level of knowledge of nursing staff to select hospitals of Kermanshah، 2009. This study was a descriptive –analytical & cross sectional study performed with convenience sampling was used to (188) nursing staff working in selected educational hospitals of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. For assess to CPR knowledge of nursing staff، a researchermade questionnaire consists of 20 questions about Basic Life Support (BLS) &Advanced Life Support (ACLS) was used. The data were analyzed using SPSS11. 5 software. Findings of the study showed that 52. 1%of the personnel had the level of moderate knowledge of performing CPR. There was a statistically relationship between knowledge scores of nursing staff regarding CPR and some variables age،hospital words،academic field. The results of the study showed، the nursing personnel have insufficient knowledge of CPR and it does not improve Significantly during all groups and the field of total. Therefore، it is necessary we must pay more attention to education service and CPR courses of nursing staff.

Nurses have been known as people in high risk of burnout for reason due to stressful job; hard condition of patients care، numerous organizational and high emotional expectations. In present study we purposed to determine prevalence and predictor factors of burnout among nurses in selected hospitals of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences، 2012. In this cross – sectional study، out of 312 nurses were evaluated by a two part questionnaire (including demographic characteristics، causing factors of burnout in nursing and the Maslach Burnout standard scale). Randomly Selected Samples were studied according to including criteria. The data were analyzed by descriptive tests via spss16. The prevalence of high levels of burnout in the areas of emotional exhaustion، depersonalization and feelings of inadequacy was %32. 1، %29 and 15%، respectively. The mean of job burnout، showed economic factors (4. 22±0. 81)، social (3. 55±0. 83)، environmental (3. 46±0. 79)، Managerial (3. 34±0. 59)، communication (3. 23±0. 63) health care related (3. 33±0. 72) and individual (2. 82±0. 84) were the main causes of this phenomenon from the view points of nurses، respectively. Besides of economical factors، there were management، communication and social factors which play more effective role in the development of burnout among the nurses. The most important of these factors were inappropriate proportion between nurses and patients، poor communication of doctors with their patients which can cause problems for nurses. Also، We can refer to the role of the media which portrays non-Scientific positions for nurses.